,
which is equipped with a derrick or tower, is used to lower and lift materials
with the use of pulleys and cable. Heavy equipment manufacturers and the
construction industry use cranes in various activities connected with their
process.
Cranes used in the
construction industry are mostly temporary structures either mounted on a
vehicle which is built for the specific purpose of carrying the crane, or fixed
to the ground. Cranes may be controlled by various methods such as radio
control, infrared control or a built in control station using a push button
pendant or by an operator sitting in the cab of the vehicle.
A standardized hand
signal is used between the person operating the controls and the workers in the
ground. Bigger installations use radio communication for this purpose. Loads
can be positioned with great precision using such signals by experienced crew
of the crane. Crane vessels or ships often carry the largest revolving cranes.
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It is a surprise to
note from the carved stone relief in Haterii’s tomb of 1st century Rome, which
depicts a monument being built with a sort of crane, that cranes were used in
medieval shipyards and ports in Poland.
The various types of
cranes in common use are railroad cranes, mobile cranes, telescopic cranes,
tower cranes, truck-mounted cranes, rough terrain cranes, crawler cranes,
loader cranes, floating cranes, gantry cranes and aerial cranes.
A crane mounted on a
railroad car or on a flatcar is known as railroad crane. Mobile cranes are the
most basic and common type of crane, which as the name implies, can be carried
easily to any place. Tower cranes are fixed to the ground. These are mostly
used in buildings for the best combination of lifting capacity and height. A
telescopic crane is capable of lifting lower capacity but can reach greater
heights.
To provide greater
mobility, a crane will be mounted on a carrier truck and is known as a
truck-mounted crane. Whereas the rough terrain cranes, which are mounted on
four rubber tires, are capable of pick and carry operations in rough terrain.
Crawler cranes are mounted on a set of tracks with an undercarriage and have
better stability and mobility.
A suspended crane or
overhead crane is used mostly inside factories and they are capable of carrying
very heavy loads. In automated and computer controlled warehouses, a stacker
crane with a forklift is used.
During bridge or port construction, floating cranes are used. To load or offload awkward or heavy machinery floating cranes are ideal. They are also used in offshore work. Aerial cranes, which are extended from helicopters, are used to lift large loads.
During bridge or port construction, floating cranes are used. To load or offload awkward or heavy machinery floating cranes are ideal. They are also used in offshore work. Aerial cranes, which are extended from helicopters, are used to lift large loads.
The design of cranes
is based on two major considerations. First is to lift specified mass, the
second is its stability, and it should not topple over while performing lifting
operations.
